A Judge’s Decision Has Potential Bias Due To Crime :: Legal Research Papers

A Judge’s Decision Has Potential Bias Due To Crime Presentation A Clemson University Student named Erin Brophy did a test to check whether there was possible inclination in a lawful case contingent upon the wrongdoing. She did this in the wake of finding out about a test performed by Dr. Ben Stephens and Dr. Spurgeon Cole. They needed to know whether an earlier relationship between a legal counselor and an appointed authority had expected legal predisposition. Erin Brophy found that there is no distinction in wrongdoing whether an adjudicator will be one-sided. She studied individuals to perceive what their conclusion was. The two wrongdoings in her investigation were robbery and murder (Brophy). Since there was no distinction in her examination, we needed to make the distinctions in the wrongdoings increasingly outrageous. We needed to discover whether there is a contrast among shoplifting and murder. We anticipated that there will be increasingly predisposition for the legal counselor in the homicide case and that the appointed authority ought to be evacuated. Strategies We gave the overview to 160 individuals for this investigation. There were 16 examinations and each trial gathered 10 studies, five with the wrongdoing being shoplifting and the other half being murder. There was a great deal of fluctuation in determination techniques. One model was choosing companions to take the review. The members included both male and females. The last example size was 120 individuals. 64% were females and 36% were guys. The age scope of the members was 17 to 25. The mean age was 19.69. Materials An overview was given to the members to check whether the appointed authority would be predisposition possibly in support of the lawyer, and on the off chance that he ought to be expelled from the case. The overview asked the person’s sexual orientation and age. The following two inquiries posed if there was expected predisposition for and against the lawyer. The last inquiry posed if the appointed authority ought to be pardoned from the case. The kind of wrongdoing had two distinct variants. On half of the studies, the wrongdoing was shoplifting and the other half was murder. The estimation of the inclination from the inquiries was by revolving around â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no.

Emily Dickinson And Harper Lee Essay Example For Students

Emily Dickinson And Harper Lee Essay In a sonnet by Emily Dickinson she suggests that there is not at all like perusing abook to take your creative mind to incredible spots. She states, There is nofrigate like a book to take us lands away. Such a thought, that energizes theimagination to take us places is communicated in Harper Lees To Kill aMockingbird. In To Kill a Mockingbird there is an incredible utilization of imagery toignite the human creative mind. The title of the book is possibly referenced in thestory when the dad of the hero, Atticus Finch, advises his youngsters thatif they need to murder flying creatures, they can slaughter any feathered creature, yet tis a wrongdoing to execute amockingbird. Despite the fact that this may appear to be unconventional, the utilization of imagery is evidentin the way that the principle heroes of the story all have a last name that isthe name of a kind of flying creature. For example, the wrongly blamed and later slaughtered TomRobinson. Additionally the devoted legal counselors family name is Finch. Another way thisstory utilizes our creative mind incredibly is in the portrayal of Boo Radley.Throughout most of the story you simply know about him through tattle storiesof the neighbors or through the childrens innovative games. Boo was alwaysthe beguilement to the youngsters because of the reality they had never observed him and alwaysheard of the danger he was and were avoided his home. This flashes theimagination to think and attempt to make a picture of Boo Radley through the eyesof these small kids. There is incredible incongruity in the story also. As mentionedabove, Boo Radley was the fundamental point of convergence for the childrens games, due themystery of whom he was. They generally thought he was their significant danger and if hewere to get them, he would execute them. The perspective on the peruser dramaticallychanges at long last when this equivalent man winds up sparing the childrens lives fromthe tanked slime ball of the town, Bob Ewell. Taking everything into account, one can see that theuse of abstract gadgets can totally remove your creative mind. This is seenfrom the imagery of names, to the portrayal of baffling characters orthe emotional incongruity of the difference in perspective on the peruser. Along these lines, the creative mind cantravel to places you never thought could, just by perusing words from a paper.

Critter

Critter This semester Im taking 4.110 Design Across Scales and Disciplines, a class inspired by Charles and Ray Eamess short film Powers of Ten which features weekly lectures01 Last week we heard from Skylar Tibbits of the Self-Assembly Lab; this week we heard from David Sun Kong of the Community Biotechnology Initiative. from designers in various disciplines who work at different scales and lab sessions where we refine our own design skills in a series of increasingly complex assignments. As someone with no design background at all and minimal interest in design, Im taking this class as an intro to the field and also because I need one more HASS-A02 art class to complete my distribution. The first assignment is called Critter: the goal is to optimize a tennis-ball-sized creature through a series of additions or deletions in physical traits or behaviors over the course of fifteen days. At four separate times, the TAs for the class emailed out emergencies, or sudden environmental changes to which our critters must adapt. The assignment isnt about making something that would exist in reality or even evolving something realistically; I think it is mostly a creative exercise (so dont make fun of the stupid science Im doing here). Here is my critter. Day 1: Web03 Disclaimer: I cannot draw well at all and I only have Sharpies. Please excuse the sloppiness and my refusal to learn how to do drawing on a computer. My critter begins as a simple translucent layer of tissue that attaches itself in the crooks of trees using anchors that also function as siphons to tap xylem and phloem in the tree. The web secretes enzymes and a sticky substance which traps and digests insects that fly into it. Webs are prone to accumulating indigestible dirt and debris, which makes them more visible and less capable of trapping nutritionally valuable prey. Day 2: Pocket In transitioning from a Web to a Pocket, the critter has developed increased bodily elasticity that allows it to dip in the middle, forming a pit in which it can trap and digest slightly larger creatures (maybe even some small critters) that fall in. Eventually, the Pocket bursts open due to its contents exceeding the capacity of its central pit. These bursts typically result in the birth of one or more additional Pocketsâ€"pieces of Pockets can regenerate when they are ripped apart (like how cutting a starfish up can give you more starfish than you started out with). Nevertheless, sometimes the bursts result in two non-viable fragments, unable to form a necessary attachment to the tree and incapable of creating that crucial central pit. Day 3: Pocket Pockets have now developed a layer of muscle. This allows them to compact their inner contents to reduce the incidence of fatal bursts; additionally, the muscle confers the capability to move randomly in search of a spot to anchor on the tree. Pockets have no capacity to sense, so they must find an anchor spot in a very brute-force/trial and error manner. Day 4: Pocket Emergency! A  volcano has erupted  relatively close to your  critters habitat! Though they are far enough away to not feel the effects of flowing lava, ash and debris blow up into the atmosphere for days, creating a dense haze and dimming the sun. A camera-aperture-inspired hole has formed at the bottom of the Pockets pit. This allows the Pocket to release its contents if it collects too much ash and debris. This is also advantageous for the pocket to release indigestible material that accumulates over time and causes bursts. Without bursts, however, Pockets cannot reproduce. Day 5: Sliding Pocket Pockets, now Sliding Pockets, have begun to reproduce by replicating themselves on the inner lining of their pits and then sliding off of one another like a couple of plastic cups. This creates an interesting mother-daughter dynamic because Pockets that slide off often anchor near to their daughters due to incomplete detachment of their anchor points. The daughter can feed the mother by dropping prey or water into her central pit. Day 6: Pocket Vine Attached systems of mother and daughter Sliding Pockets form colonies that stretch up and down tree trunks. The vine acts at times as a single organism, with lower, well-fed Pockets contracting to expel trapped prey into the pits of higher up pockets that have begun to wither. Ground critter bones have been found in Pockets as high as ten feet from the ground. Day 7: Pocket Vine Emergency! After the volcanic disaster, a dense smog has settled in the atmosphere, with no signs of clearing in the next few weeks (months? years?). The smog is believed to have been caused by the volcanic event, but has now trapped other pollutants/gases being produced by local industry. Along with decreased access to sunlight, the air has become too polluted to breathe without dangerous long-term health effects. Some critters have started making masks for themselves, but some have started to evolve Pockets that have trapped seeds now begin to secrete nutrients that allow the seeds to grow. Plants growing in the central pit filter the air around the gas exchange membrane of the Pockets central pit, allowing the critter to continue to breathe despite the smog. Some pockets have been observed releasing their cultivated plants onto the ground, causing tiny green plant patches to spring up at the bases of Pocket-colonized trees. Day 8: Travelling Vine Using their muscles, the Pockets have begun to exit their home trees and creep along the ground where prey is more plentiful and the air is slightly cleaner. In the process, some Pockets end up burrowing into the ground to set up traps for other critters who come along to eat the plants living in their pits; any critter that approaches is vulnerable to falling in. Others crawl along the forest floor, clearing paths in the ash and debris. Day 9: Scaly Vine Emergency! Sun finally found its way through the smog. Air has suddenly become translucent again. Even though visibility has changed, the critter  found himself/herself/itself laying down in vastness of debris,  accumulated waste. How does the  critter  accommodate to live within the scrap? Well, my critter doesnt have eyes, so visibility doesnt matter much. The accumulated waste, however, has proven problematic for my soft, smooth chains of Pockets. To protect against getting impaled, they have developed a layer of scales04 if only I could design across them as armor. Day 10: Scaly Vine The Scaly Vine has developed olfactory capabilities to guide it through a minefield of predators and debris. This allows it to hunt actively, rather than relying on prey to fall into its pit. Additionally, because the Pockets can now smell other Pockets, they are able to avoid one another and prevent getting tangled up like rat kings. Day 11: Vine Fish The Scaly Vines of Pockets have used their sense of smell to navigate toward bodies of water, where they are able to rinse themselves of ashes and dirt, hide from predators, and eat critters that live in the water. Day 12: Kissing Cactus Emergency! After evolving among waste for a few days, your critter  has been captured by another living being, and taken 3,000 miles away. Your  critter’s new habitat is fundamentally different from what it used to be:? the space allocated to your  critter  is limited, and the captor only provides specific resources.  How does your  critter  react to captivity? My critter was carried from the forest to the desert by some kind of bird. (What a shame; it was just getting used to swimming around in the water.) To keep from drying out, pairs of Pockets have begun to fuse together at their main opening. Somehow, the fused Pockets are able to exchange bits of DNA to one another when in this kissing conformation, increasing genetic diversity in the population. Day 13: Stack Cactus Pockets, in their duplex form, have begun to cope with their captivity by reattaching into colonies. This time, the connections form between apertures such that they stack into towers, or Stack Cacti. Critters that scale the Stack in search of water or bugs to eat can be trapped in the topmost chamber of the colony; the colony works in concert to distribute the swallowed critter to each subunit as determined by its nutritional needs. Day 14: Disk Cactus Other critters, who have developed hands and a desire to play, have taken a liking to my critter. They rip Disks off of their stacks and toss them like Frisbees around the desert. Disks are now dispersed throughout the desert, free to roam if only they could. Day 15: Roadrunner Lonely Disks, in search of others, food, water, life, experiences, feelings, new ideas, something to break the monotony of the desert, have flipped onto their sides and now roll through the desert like tumbleweeds with a sense of direction. Hopefully they find what theyre looking for. Some notes on the process: I wanted my critter to be a little different, so I made it more of a plant than a furry little mammal (what tends to come to mind with the word critter). The instructors suggested starting with a very simple critter to have a lot of freedom in adapting it, so I started with a literal sheet of cells. I also wanted to avoid making it like a pet or anything you could easily look at as human-like. To this end, I refused to give it eyes, made it more radially symmetric than bilaterally symmetric, and didnt give it limbs. It would be too easy05 and also maybe too obvious to simply declare Now Critter can walk. Therefore, I tried to make my changes incremental enough that I could conceive of them happening in nature like that. This was a fun little exercise, though I hope the scaly bastard doesnt haunt me in my dreams for making him Like That. Post Tagged #4.110 Design Across Scales and Disciplines Last week we heard from Skylar Tibbits of the Self-Assembly Lab; this week we heard from David Sun Kong of the Community Biotechnology Initiative. back to text ? art class back to text ? Disclaimer: I cannot draw well at all and I only have Sharpies. Please excuse the sloppiness and my refusal to learn how to do drawing on a computer. back to text ? if only I could design across them back to text ? and also maybe too obvious back to text ?

Revenge Is An Act Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare

Revenge Does Not Prevail Revenge is an act that is taken when others believe that there has been a wrongdoing to someone or something they have a relationship with. Countless people seek revenge everyday throughout the world, but Confucius once said that â€Å"before you embark on a journey of renege, dig two graves.† This quote relates to the plot of a well-known play by Shakespeare, Hamlet. This play revolves around a monarchy in Denmark in the early 17th century where there is much chaos. In the play several characters seek out revenge for various reasons pertaining to them. The main character Hamlet learns the truth behind his father s unforeseen death and seeks revenge for it, just like two other characters Laertes and Fortinbras who seek revenge for reasons similar. The theme of revenge is greatly portrayed in this play as an act done out of anger which leads to disorder and disaster. The main character of the play Hamlet evidently seeks for revenge. Hamlet s personality is one of intelligence and thoughts, not impulse. The ghost of Hamlets father spoke out â€Å"Let not the royal bed of Denmark be a couch for luxury and damned incest† (1.5.82-83) and told hamlet the truth about his death. The ghost spoke these words to inform Hamlet that he has to seek revenge for the kingdom of Denmark and for his mother. However, it took 3 scenes in the play for Hamlet to act on his anger, but he ends up killing the wrong person, Polonius. His outburst of action led to extreme chaos inShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion† (Act III, Scene 1, P.1127) is of the most widely circulated lines. As we all know, it is also the most important part of the drama, â€Å"Hamlet†, which is one of the most famous tragedy in the literature written by William Shakespeare between from 1599 to1602. The drama was written at the age of Renaissance that reflects the reality of the British society in sixteenth century to early seventeenth c entury. During that period, Britain was in the era of reverse confusion, and Hamlet is just aboutRead MoreEssay on Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Theme of Revenge1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Revenge in Hamlet    In Shakespeares tragedy,  Hamlet, the thoughts of revenge are introduced early in the play. At the end of the first act, Hamlet meets the ghost of his deceased father. He is brought to see him by Horatio and Marcellus, who saw the ghost yesternight (Shakespeare 1.2.190). During this exchange of words between the Ghost and Hamlet, the Ghost tells Hamlet, [s]o art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear. (Shakespeare 1.5.5). He is telling Hamlet to listen closelyRead More Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Why Revenge?1054 Words   |  5 PagesRevenge in Hamlet        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Elizabethan times, a type of play known as a revenge tragedy became popular. These plays revolved around, ... the revenge of a father for a son or vice versa, the revenge being directed by the ghost of the murdered man... (Harmon and Holman #6). Other characteristics include real or pretend insanity, philosophic soliloquies, hesitation on the part of the protagonist, conspiracy, and the use of horror. William Shakespeares Hamlet fully satisfies each of theseRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Longing For Revenge1304 Words   |  6 PagesLonging for Revenge William Shakespeare was born in England in April of 1564 and was an English poet and playwright . Shakespeare is universally known as the greatest writer in the English language. Shakespeare frequently produced tragedies that are continuously acted out today, along with many plays and sonnets.. Although Shakespeare is seen today as a great writer who changed the world, his reputation did not rise to these heights until around the 19th century. In all of Shakespeare’s astoundingRead MoreNature Of Society In Shakespeares Hamlet1359 Words   |  6 Pagesasked by Hamlet whose words resonate because he is able to recognise an uncomfortable and powerful truth, simply living is not being. The play Hamlet was written between 1599-1602 by world renowned poet ‘William Shakespeare.’ Being, as Hamlet frames it, requires doing; yet, the power of thought is the very capacity that makes us human, restrains action. Throughout this play, Shakespeare showcases the nature of society in the Elizabethan era by utilising ideas such as revenge and death. Hamlet is oftenRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet s Revenge1725 Words   |  7 Pages Thesis: Shakespeare s portrayal of Hamlet s revenge is not a worthy journey because he never finds his self worth, distracted between what will exemplify his purpose, and what will make him a failure in the memory of Denmark. Three quotes with analysis explaining thesis: Act 1 Scene 5 Ghost: â€Å" But know, thou noble youth, Hamlet: â€Å"Oh My Prophetic Soul! My uncle?† The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown.† The beginning of the â€Å"call to adventure -JRead MoreCommon Themes In The Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1071 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare tends to focus on a common theme throughout his many works. He uses characters to show the flaws in humans and as society .   In   Shakespeares classic play The Tragedy of Hamlet, the main character, Hamlet is shown with wanting revenge on his mother and uncle after his father’s death.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this play Hamlet feels the need avenge his father, as well as dealing with being â€Å"mad†. In his mantle break he murders the father of his love, Ophelia, and her brother. The theme of revengeRead MorePresentation of Hamlet in Act 2 Scene 2 and 3 in William Shakespeares Hamlet663 Words   |  3 PagesPresentation of Hamlet in Act 2 Scene 2 and 3 in William Shakespeares Hamlet It is hard to determine the intentions of William Shakespeare when he wrote Hamlet without looking at the social, historical and ethical context in which it was conceived. From the cover notes found within the Longman Literature edition, we can deduce that it is Shakespeares most well known play and, written during the year 1602, it was one of his later works. At this time, revenge was a very Read MoreIs Hamlet s Madness Genuine Or Feigned?1671 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversially discussed themes in William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, is the theme of Hamlet’s madness. Shakespeare left it up to the audience to decide whether he was truly crazy or not. Although, there are many deliberate acts of fabricated insanity repeated throughout the play. Hamlet’s life events such as the death of his father, loving someone he cannot have, and not mention the marriage of his mother to his uncle, was enough to make someone go off of the deep end. However, Hamlet even admits that he wasRead More Hamlet, why did he delay Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare, perhaps the greatest playwright of all time, authored a number of works consisting of sonnets, comedies, and tragedies. In his brilliant career, Shakespeare created literary works of art. What makes Shakespeare unlike any other writer of his time, is his ability to organize a realistic plot, manage themes, and develop characters within his works (Nordling). As well, Shakespeares ability to provoke feeling and reaction to his writing is also what sets him apart from other common

Open Veins Of Latin America By Eduardo Galeano - 2063 Words

â€Å"Open Veins of Latin America†, by Eduardo Galeano tells the story of the history of both Latin America and parts of the Caribbean throughout the years and their struggle with poverty and the powers who exploited the countries throughout their existence from the day they were conquer by Europeans and as the years went by. The book begins with the history of the conquest of the new land and the search for both gold and silver, how the Europeans enslaved of the Native Americans and how their population declined at the time. Along with the slavement of the Natives and the search for gold, the conquistadors also brought diseases with them which caused many of the Natives to died, thus decreasing their population, the main cause being small pox. However one thing that Galeano tries to make clear is that is that although the conquistadors were in search of wealth, it is unclear is they actually benefited from all the goods that were taken out of the new world, but that instead i t created a tradition of goods being imported to parts of Europe. His book also looks at the political, social history, and of course the economic crisis in the history of Latin America. One of his arguments is that the develop countries played a part in those not so well develop countries, which we have grown to know in Latin America. One of the examples that I liked was the one which according to Galeano, the develop countries are more to blame for the social hierarchy which was created over time and overShow MoreRelatedOpen Veins of Latin America by Eduardo Galeano1585 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst discovered by European explorers, Latin America has supplied raw materials and labor to Europe and other locations around the world. Eduardo Galeano writes about the exploitation of native Latin Americans in his 1973 book Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent. Galeano takes a historical approach and examines colonial and post-colonial interactions between Europeans and Latin Americans. He asserts that the native La tin Americans were essentially powerlessRead MoreOpen Veins Of Latin America By Eduardo Galeano Essay2023 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Open Veins of Latin America† by Eduardo Galeano primarily focuses on historical events following the â€Å"discovery† and colonization of Latin America. This book however, unlike many others has very distinct and contrasting ideas. In his historical piece, Galeano incorporates many peculiar ideas that have since caused controversy following the publishing of the book in the year 1973. As we examine the cover, the subtitle (â€Å"Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent†) gives us an antecedent of ourRead MoreOpen Veins Of Latin America By Eduardo Galeano1734 Words   |  7 Pageshistory of Latin America and the influence that European powers had on the Americas. One of the many books written that has discussed the various aspects of Latin American history is the book, Open Veins of Latin America written by Eduardo Galeano. In his book, Eduardo Galeano reviewed the influences that European powers had in Latin America. The majority of the book focused on the ways in which countries in Latin America were exploited throughout their history. The overarching theme of Eduardo Galeano’sRead MoreEssay on Latin American Veins are Still Open and Wounded1584 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 4, 2013 Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent Book Review Latin American Veins are Still Open and Wounded Open Veins of Latin America is the book to remember. Uruguayan author Eduardo Galeano is responsible for the creation of this relevant and controversial masterpiece, which follows the history of Latin America and the Caribbean through centuries of struggle against poverty and those imperial powers who abused of Latin American resourcesRead MoreEssay on Latin American Dictatorship872 Words   |  4 PagesLatin American Dictatorship It is impossible to separate the history of military dictatorships in Latin America from the history of economic exploitation and of US intervention in the region. The history of slavery and other forced labor in the pursuit of large-scale agriculture and resource extraction in the time of the colonies has created a legacy of economic exploitation. This poverty and inequality has in many cases led to popular uprisings and calls for reform, which provided the reasonRead MoreThe Impact Of The Atlantic Slave Trade Influence Europe Economic Growth And Market Development Essay786 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolved in all three sides of the triangle trade that allowed the transportation of slaves from Europe to Africa where goods were traded for slaves and then those slaves were brought to the Americas for the cultivation food crops and other raw materials; these later were brought back to Europe, Africa and the Americas to be sold. Resistance and revolts against the trade of slave was stronge r in African areas where european demographic power was lower but â€Å"It was not until 1780s that increasing europeanRead MoreThe Lexus And The Olive Tree1118 Words   |  5 PagesDistinguishing between liberalism and political economic parts between â€Å"The Lexus and Olive Tree† and the â€Å"Open veins of Latin America† according to these two writers they both distinguish the concept about the future. The two writer view globalization and how it will benefit the countries. Political economics is the branch of knowledge discipline. In the two book capitalism is the trade and industry that is controlled by private owners for profit as being done so by the countries. The two booksRead MoreThe Inequality Of Latin America1673 Words   |  7 Pagesand fields and who served them, too, at table and in bed† (Chasteen 5). Many people would say this is where inequality in Latin America began, with colonization. However, colonization is just a small piece of the ro ots of inequality of the region, which actually started with the natives of the lands such as the Incas, Aztecs and Mayans. These three empires ruled most of the Latin American region and did so by conquering other native groups or tribes. The Empires had a ruling class or king that wasRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics1412 Words   |  6 Pagesname of Eduardo Galeano writes about this concept of inclusion through writing in his book Open Veins of Latin America. He makes the argument that the reason authors write is to make sure that underrepresented voices are heard. In his words, â€Å"One writes, in reality, for the people whose luck or misfortune one identifies with - the hungry, the sleepless, the rebels, and the wretched of this earth - and the majority of them are illiterate. (p.12 Galeano)[3]. It is authors like Galeano describesRead MoreThe cure for ills of Democracy is More Democracy2828 Words   |  12 Pagesissues has become harder because we dont have th e necessary means to do it. Public opinion just simply does not exist because media is privatized and only represents an elite group. It is necessary to look at the case of North America from the outside. Comparing North America with Europe we can observe the big difference in the independent media. Independent media is not common in the US and it has to keep a low profile if it wants to exist. The majority of Television Networks have to be associated

Social Media Networks in Recruitment Free Essays

string(40) " the door open for unethical practices\." The current changes and advances in technology and the role of internet and social media networks, has provided new opportunities for all organizations to communicate easier and find talented employees with less time and cost. This study is to investigate the impact of using social media networks in recruitment of professional staff at RACK private sector. It will show if the impact of these networks is positive or negative and to what extent does the use of them can lead to effective recruitment to improve the productivity and find highly qualified candidates easily. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Networks in Recruitment or any similar topic only for you Order Now A axed method is used to collect results about the impact of social media on recruitment. Questionnaires will be administered to human resources directors and managers at RACK private sector companies and random sampling will be utilized. The questionnaires will be distributed randomly among 14 companies and the population will be 40-50 HRS directors/managers. In addition, unstructured Interviews will be used as a second method to emphasize the validity of the results and to increase the sample. Chapter 1 : Study Background Introduction The Emirate of Rasa AAA Kalmia (RACK) Is fast growing and the most northern. RACK has come a destination for many tourist visitors and Investors In the private sector. Many of the light and medium manufacturing as well as service Industries seek on the traditional classified and websites to recruit their employees. At the same time the use of these medium is decreasing as more and more college graduates and researchers are attracted to social media. Private sector employers are now seeing low pool of qualified applicants to fill their Job openings. This resulted in lower performing employees and incompatibility in the workplace. The current changes in technology and the growth in the use of internet and social Edie sites is remarkable. Companies and recruiters, therefore, need to be where the potential candidates are to be able to find the right qualified individuals. This involves engaging with talented people across a wide range of social media networks. Overall, and according to Ponderous, and Olivia, â€Å"social media has improved the recruitment process by making it more democratic and open† (Ponderous Olives, 2013). Using social media alone however, can negatively impact the relationship building between the companies or HRS professionals and the potential candidates (Raja, 2010). It is therefore difficult to completely replace the traditional recruitment methods by the use of social media in the near future. This paper examines the potential impact which social media may have on the recruitment process. It places emphasis on how private sector corporations and recruitment professionals can benefit from the social media networks to promote their products and services efficiently and target the highly talented and qualified employees. It looks at the role of sites such as Faceable, Linked, and others are playing in the process of recruiting and hiring professionals. Problem Statement RACK private sector is limited in their recruitment of highly qualified employment by not fully using Social Media as a recruitment tool. Social media can positively influence the recruitment in RACK private sector and can lead to the employment of highly talented and qualified employees. The increase use of social media in other Emirates’ may decrease growth in RACK and hinder technological advancement. Most job seekers and employers are using social media so the private sector of RACK needs to address this issue in order to access these Job seekers. Rationale for the Research Many companies seek to find highly qualified employees. As stated by None, companies spend large amount of resources in their recruitment efforts (None, R, 2012). Many of them use various strategies to recruit. Social Media have been successful in many aspects of the career path from networking to marketing specialized goods and services (Ponderous Olives, 2013). According to Headwords, Social Media is found to be essential among the working population and became the main medium of communication. Many companies, both public and private relied have found success in using social media and have integrate it into their daily operation (Headwords, A. , 2011). This study will show that there will be a significant increase in the recruitment of highly qualified employee in RACK private sector when social media is utilized in the recruitment process. The following research questions will undoubtedly be answered within this research paper: 1 . Which social media sites are mostly used in recruitment in RACK private sector corporations? 2. To what extent does the use of social media networks lead to effective recruitment? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using social media in recruiting individuals? Definition of Terms Social Media is any form of online network that encourage social exchange of ideas, views, personal communication and friendship. Some media develop lifelong relationships and individual collaboration that are informal and transparent. These sites include Faceable, Linked, Video, Sing and Twitter (Ponderous, Olivia, 2013). Private Sector consists of companies or industries that are independently owned and operated without government interference. Highly Qualified employees are those employees that have high skilled qualifications or possess high educational degrees† (None, 2012). Limitation of the Study The impact of social media on recruitment is a new topic and there is a lack of studies about it. In addition, the study is conducted only in the RACK region. Since confidential information is involved, some information is accepted through verbal interview. The definition of highly qualified is relative to the Job requirements and thus may not be standard across all industries. Although candidates can be reached effectively and easily via social media networks, the risk is, if this strategy is not accompanied with other traditional recruitment search methods, then some talented candidates may not be targeted because still there are many people who do not use these networks and prefer the traditional way of searching and applying for a Job. Furthermore, online profiles don’t certainly give an accurate picture of the individuals. Assessing someone’s potential and skills based only on an online profile leaves the door open for unethical practices. You read "Social Media Networks in Recruitment" in category "Papers" Summary The study will show that the use of the Social Media in recruitment in the private sector in RACK improves the applicant pool and enhance the application process. Furthermore the study will show that the result of the use of social media improve productivity and meet the demands for highly qualified employees. The study will also show that social media have a positive impact on recruitment. With the era of social media, the approach to work and find Jobs has changed. Social media will not disappear completely; therefore recruiters and employers can take more benefit of this by adopting hiring and recruitment methods that utilize social media networks. Social media, however, has some limitations associated with its use in recruitment process. Although employers can get some benefits; using social individuals and professionals as well as the impact on the selection criteria of individuals. Instead of identifying social media as a recruitment solution, employers should realize and understand that they need to work more closely with the professionals to be able to get the right candidates they are looking for, rather than spending time, money and other resources without any return or benefit. I personally believe that social media cannot solely replace the traditional recruitment methods in the near future. Chapter 2: Literature review According to Molar (201 1), recruitment can be defined as the process of finding, selecting, attracting and hiring qualified personnel to be employed within an organization and contribute to the achievement of its goals and objectives (Molar, 2011, p. 56). Philips (1999) believes that the recruitment process may involve trying to attract highly qualified and talented individuals, screening the applications, and selecting the right applicant for the Job (Philips, 1999, p. ). He argues that the Recruitment and selection of personnel is considered a very critical component of unman resources functions which drives the organizations’ success and development (Philips, 1999, p. 10). Most organizations and companies worldwide use the traditional way of recruiting and some tend to use a mixture of both traditional ways and online recruiting with the use of social media networks (Molar, 2011, p. 68). According to Ponderous and Olives (2013), â€Å"Recruiting e-recruitment, or recruiting via the use of social media networks and internet, is a phenomenon that has led to the appearance of a new market in which there is an unprecedented level of interaction between employers ND potential employees† (Ponderous Olivia, 2013, p. 33). None (2012), believes that â€Å"online technology and the use of social media in recruiting are crucial to companies that compete for the best talented candidates in a high speed Job market† (None, 2012, p. 77). This is because the use of the social media can save a lot of time, cost and efforts and also allow organizations to target more qualified candidates all over the world (None, 2012, p. 161). This paper aims to discuss the impact of using social media networks in the recruitment and selection process at RACK private sector. Examples of the online social media networks which are used heavily are the use Linked, Faceable, Twitter, Whatâ €™s, etc†¦ According to Media (201 1), these social network sites can be defined as â€Å"web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view their list of connections† (Media, 2011, p. 13). These network sites nowadays has connected the people all over the world and most individuals are using these sites to search for Jobs besides the other purposes of entertainment and injection with other people (Media, 2011, p. 93). Some organizations had already planned and used these networks in their recruitment process in order to target more qualified individuals worldwide and minimize the cost. These organizations use the social media networks to advertise for their Job openings and at the same Using the social media networks in recruiting employees at RACK private companies may reduce the huge cost that is used in advertising for the Job postings and it can also help RACK private companies to brand their business processes through the use of these sites to market their products and services. RACK private companies nowadays face the challenge of finding the top talented candidates that they need to hire in order to meet the requirement of the business. As suggested by Philips (1999), this problem of finding the right candidates can be solved by finding other strategies of recruiting such as the use of social media networks (Philips, 1999, p. 24). According to Molar (201 1), there is an increase trend internationally to use the corporate websites and social networks in recruiting and selecting individuals. This can open the chances for RACK private companies to target more international antedates from all over the world with the availability of these sites that connect all people at a minimum cost (Molar, 2011, p. 256). Furthermore, by using these social media sites, the vacancies can be filled faster and therefore save the time that can be spent in searching for qualified candidates through the uses of traditional methods of advertising and Job posting (Headwords, 2011, p. 11). Headwords (2011) argues that these sites can also help organizations to increase their brand visibility online which can establish an excellent image and brand for these organizations. (Headwords, 2011, p. 118). Therefore, RACK private companies can use the social media networks to brand their products and services and brand the companies’ image worldwide. By using these sites private companies at RACK can post their vacancies to a larger community and their postings can be accessed by a larger number of qualified candidates (Headwords, 2011, p. 45). This can help private companies at RACK to increase the quality of their hires by attracting the right people for the right Jobs through these social media networks (Sweeney, 2011, p. 58). In addition, there are other benefits of using social media and according to Ponderous and Olivia (2013), â€Å"social media has improved the recruitment process by making it more democratic and open† (Ponderous Olives, 2013, p. 74). So, private companies at RACK can benefit from the use of these social networks to make its vacancies and Job posting open internationally to all people and this will help immensely to have a wide pool of applicants where it will be easier to find talented potentials. Method This study intends to investigate the impact of using social media on recruitment process and the perception of the HRS professionals at RACK private sector about the SE of these social networks in hiring and selecting personnel. A mixed method will be utilized for this research which consists of both quantitative and qualitative data collection tools in order to provide more in depth data collection and ensure more accurate result of the impact of social media on recruitment process. Participants The population of this study consists of all directors and HRS managers of private companies in Rasa AAA Shaman. In order to answer the research questions, a total of 40-50 respondents from 20 companies in Rasa AAA Shaman private sector were elected based on a random or probability sampling, so all participants will have equal opportunity to take part in this research. Selected participants will answer a questionnaire structured in Liker format to ask about the use and the impact of social media on recruitment process. The data that will be collected from the respondents will be calculated for clarification and analysis. Instruments A survey questionnaire using the Liker format will be used in this research . The scale below will be used to analyses the answers of all the respondents for each question by calculating the weighted mean: Range Interpretation 3. 01 – 4. 00 Agree 1. 01 -2. 00 Strongly Agree 2. 1 – 3. 00 Disagree 0. 00- 1. 00 Strongly Disagree To test the validity of the questionnaire, it will distributed to 5 participants and these participants along with their results of the questionnaire, will not be part of the research and they were used Just to test the validity. Questionnaire development Seven questions will be used to determine the possible relationship between the variables (social media and recruitment) . The ques tions that were included in the questionnaire had a choice of 4 points from strongly agree to strongly disagree. All questions were selected carefully to be relevant to the topic and to reflect the aim of this study and enable to get the right results. The questionnaire will have the following topics: 1. The usage of internet and social networks to target talented candidates. 2. Participants’ opinion about the idea of using social media in recruitment (open? Disagree? ) 3. The support from the top management for the use of social media in recruitment. 4. The benefits of using social media in recruitment such as saving time, cost, etc.. 5. The role of social media in branding and marketing of organizations 6. Disadvantages of using social media in recruitment. 7. The importance of using the traditional ways of recruiting besides the use of social media. Data Collection Plan Primary research and secondary research will be used. The primary research will be meetings, observation and general discussions with those directors will be used. The secondary data is based on the literature review including articles, Journals and books which was collected earlier about the impact of using social media in recruitment process. Statistical analysis of the data When the questionnaire will be collected from the participants, statistics will be used o analyze all the data through the use of SPAS to come up with the statistical analysis for this study. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of using social media (independent variable) on recruitment process (dependent variable). For the purpose of testing the hypothesis, analysis of data will be done and represented in tables. HI will indicate that there is a positive relationship and good impact of using social media in recruiting. H2O will show that there is a negative impact of social media networks if used in recruitment process. HO will indicate that there is no impact or any relationship between the use of social media and recruitment process. Implication and Limitation Studies about the use of social media networks are away from its impact on recruitment and the effective use of it in hiring as HRS function. The conclusion which this research will be able to draw, is the how HRS professionals can benefit from the use of social media and what are pros and cons and the impact of social networks if applied and used in recruitment instead of the other traditional methods of hiring. This research will also reveal that social media networks can be used in other littorals and not only recruitment; it can be used for example in marketing campaigns and branding. This research will be conducted in RACK region only and the results may not apply to other companies in the AAU or may not benefit them. Some of the questions that will be asked to participants, considered to be confidential and therefore respondents may not provide the accurate answer and this will affect the findings and results of the research. Appendices and References Appendix A: Questionnaire 1. The use of internet and social networks can improve the way we target talented candidates from all over the world. Strongly Agree 4 Agree 3 Disagree 2 Strongly disagree 2. I am very open to the idea of using these social media networks fully in the recruitment process without the need to use the traditional methods of hiring. Ring employees 4. Social networks when used in recruiting can save time and reduce the cost of advertisement for Job postings 5. Social media can contribute to the branding of the organization if used in the right way cannot trust the social media users because some conditional information cannot be published online and this therefore can affect the selection decision. How to cite Social Media Networks in Recruitment, Papers

Operations Management Logistic Systems

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Logistic Systems. Answer: Introduction The inventory and purchase management is one of the most important job functions in an organization (Monczka et al., 2015). It is a powerful tool in the management of the organizational workflow. The organization needs to purchase new materials from time to time or replace the old materials in the organization. There are a variety of tasks in this Purchases Department such as purchase requisition, receiving of the goods, management of inventory workflow and the configuration of the warehouse. This report is supposed to be prepared by the Inventory and Purchase Manager and intended to be submitted to the CEO of Brisbane Outdoor. Current Purchasing and Inventory Management Process The current inventory processes at the Brisbane Outdoor was decentralized with minimal policies and regulations. The decentralized inventory tends to respond in a better manner in the event of emergency situations (Van Le et al., 2013). This is because if there is any natural disaster in one inventory location, then the other warehouse would not be affected. The current purchasing processes were based on mutual cooperation, goodwill and common-sense. There were no strict defined procedures and policies that were implemented for the inventory and purchase management (Van Le et al., 2013). The management of Brisbane Outdoor adopted some bad management practices in the inventory and purchase domains (Van Le et al., 2013). The decentralized approach made the stores to operate autonomously and independently. There was minimal cooperation between the stores as they were functioning independently (Salcedo et al., 2013). The branch managers had little interactions with them and they were unaware of the other stores operational processes. There was no uniformity in the availability of the product brands (Salcedo et al., 2013). The different stores demonstrated different range of products, which created confusion among the internal as well as external stakeholders of the company (Salcedo et al., 2013). The individual inventory stores had different management style. The stores had different SKU (Stock Keeping Unit), Stock Out and New Old Stock, which they maintained separately (Sharma Malhotra, 2015). The primary functions of the individual stores include the identification of the stored materials, receipt of all incoming materials, inspection of the products and material handling (Sharma Malhotra, 2015). The branch manager is also responsible for proper storage as well as preservation of the materials. He is also responsible for stores accounting, inventory control and stock taking of the particular store (Sharma Malhotra, 2015). There are two types of stores such as physical and functional. The company engages in segregating its operations based on these two categories. The functional store involves the segregation of the materials as per the purpose of its use (Sharma Malhotra, 2015). The physical store is meant for materials as per their structure, size, weight or location. Advantages of decentralized inventory management The company believed that the decentralized inventory management has certain advantages. They can perform the storing function as well as the controlling function easily. There will not be a delay in the material handling job function. There is less chances of inventory loss by the incident of fire as the geographical locations of the warehouse are different (Stadtler, 2015). There is no need of internal transportation costs that requires the finished products to be shifted from one location to the other (Stadtler, 2015). It is possible for the organizations to fulfill the needs of the individual departments easily (Stadtler, 2015). This is because the individual inventories were managed by individual branch managers (Stadtler, 2015). The organization also believes that they can reduce the costs associated with the handling of the materials (Stadtler, 2015). The decentralized inventory management has several advantages such as the personnel are aware of the local factors in the particular market. They are also aware of the upcoming events in the local area. This enables them to launch special promotional activities which would be best effective if done in a local area (Schmitt et al., 2015). They may also be aware of the requirements of the local customers. It is also easier for the senior management of the organization to delegate responsibility to the store personnel (Schmitt et al., 2015). The effective delegation of the responsibility would make the managers work harder and satisfy the organizational goals (Schmitt et al., 2015). There is quick decision making process as the divisional managers do not waste time in sending information to the top management (Schmitt et al., 2015). The divisional managers are closer to the regular operation of the business operations hence they can make better decisions (Kotler et al., 2015). It is eas ier for the top management to concentrate on the strategic business issues (Schmitt et al., 2015). It becomes easy for the business to evaluate the performance of the products. The managers can allocate the resources to a particular division in a convenient manner (Schmitt et al., 2015). The decentralized store options are able to meet specific events as well as needs of the organization. The local forecasting is usually more accurate (Bowersox, 2013). There is less number of issues which are caused by the communication networks (Bowersox, 2013). There is more input and subsequently better output. The branch manager is open for decision making activities and can devise innovative solutions for the organizational issues (Bowersox, 2013). There is accelerated decision making and there is quick implementation of the decisions as it takes place in the primary areas for business (Bowersox, 2013). It becomes convenient for the organization to spot the actual problems in the store. This makes the businesses to identify the weak links in the organization and take corrective actions accordingly. This increases the overall efficiency of the organization. Disadvantages of decentralized inventory management There are several disadvantages of the decentralized inventory process. The lack of expertise of the managers is a serious issue in a decentralized inventory process. The branch manager may not have sufficient years of experience in managing the store. He may fail to understand the big picture of the organization (Belin Forc, 2012). He may continue to focus on his store only and ignore the overall organizational goals. This inventory process promotes an unhealthy competition in the organization. The branch manager of one store may compete with his counterparts in other branches in an irrational manner (Belin Forc, 2012). It may foster an environment of negative competition in the same organization, which becomes a concerning issue for the top management. There are instances when these managers engage in unethical activities in order to be ahead of the competition, which causes bad reputation for the organization (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). In this form of inventory management, the local control can pose serious problem for the organization. They operate on a subjective basis using the traditional methods. They often refuse to adopt the sophisticated tools (Belin Forc, 2012). There are also chances that they over react to the certain situations where there is a strong bias for local inventories (Belin Forc, 2012). There can also be higher costs involved in the purpose of supervision. There is involvement of more space required for setting up the individual office stores. The decentralized inventory management has some pitfalls for which they are not always accepted by the organizations. There may involve high amount of investment, especially during the initial years (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). There can also be higher cost involved in the maintenance of stationary as well as employees. There are times when a lot of time is taken for the purpose of stock taking and maintaining of the purchasing inventory. The decision making of the local manager will be influenced by the local view of the organizational operations (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). There may also be some procedural differences in between the areas of authority as the local branch manager would customize the business decisions as per the local needs (Ward Peppard, 2016). There may be increased influence of the local cultures on the overall functioning of the organization (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). There may be issues in the recruitment activities at the local level. The organization may not find suitable manpower that can perform the specific tasks of the organization. Implementation of Inventory Management concepts The effective management of the inventory remains at the core of the excellence of supply chain management (Christopher, 2016). The organization usually has to manage a wide number of inventories which ranges from the raw materials to the finished goods. There are other work related process, partner inventories and others. They have to be aware of the market forces of demand and supply (Christopher, 2016). The company must strive to keep adequate levels of stocks while reducing the investments of the company (Wisner, Tan Leong, 2014). It should also aim for increasing the efficiency of the supply chain processes. This can be done by the implementation of the following concepts- Effective stock management should be done by keeping in mind the stock reviews, fixed time, economic order quantity, Just in Time and other standard formulas (Methot Wetzel, 2013). It is important to define the type of stocks as well as define the supply chain processes. There are usually four types of stocks involved such as raw materials, finished goods, unfinished products and consumables (Christopher, 2016). There must be implementation of stock security measures that would protect the stocks from theft and damage (Christopher, 2016). There can be damage due to several reasons of damage such as burglaries, fire, pests or insects. There should be stock replenishment which is important considerations for the company if they wish to maintain adequate stock levels (Wisner, Tan Leong, 2014). The maximum as well as minimum levels for the items needs to be determined along with the stock rotation practices (Wisner, Tan Leong, 2014). There must be adequate handling as well as packaging of the stocks such as correct packaging materials, careful handling, complete seals, use of proper bands and others (Korponai, Bnyai Ills, 2014). There should be optimum storage conditions for the inventory of the company. There should be adequate humidity control, temperature control, protection from pests and protection from sunlight (Wisner, Tan Leong, 2014). The application of the above concepts would help the company to increase organizational efficiency with reasonable investment. Recommendations Ms. Green should concentrate on restructuring of the inventory structure of the company. It is essential to create strict inventory policies that would be beneficial for the organization. The organization should adopt a centralized operation of the inventory so that it becomes convenient for the company to manage the purchasing function. There should be adequate cooperation as well as communication in between the business processes. The senior management should allow proper communication channels between the branch managers. The organization should manage the investment sources of the company. There should be integrated operational approach for the inventory management function. There should be interconnection between the purchasing functions of the company and there should be rationalization of the inventory process. The linkages should be established in a logical manner so that the organization can gain from it. What How Who When Centralized approach One source of operation Purchase Manager 6 month Cooperation Meetings Operation Manager 1 month Communication Online Seminars Senior management 1 month Investment source Networking Accounts Department 2 month Integrated operational approach Support from managers Operational Head 2 month Fig: Action Plan Source: Created by author Conclusion The operation management is one of the most important functions of the management. This report showcased some of the core concepts of the inventory management as well as purchase management. The current situation of the case study is reviewed along with the identification of operational issues. The advantages as well as disadvantages of the decentralized inventory management are discussed. The processes that can be followed for improving the efficiency of the inventory management are discussed. The concluding part of the report discusses about the recommendations for Ms. Green as well as action plan for implementing the suggestions. References Belin, J., Forc, H. (2012). Supply chain management of blood products: A literature review.European Journal of Operational Research,217(1), 1-16. Bowersox, D. J. (2013).Logistical excellence: it's not business as usual. Elsevier. Chopra, S., Sodhi, M. S. (2014). Reducing the risk of supply chain disruptions.MIT Sloan Management Review,55(3), 73. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Korponai, J., Bnyai, ., Ills, B. (2014). The Effect Of Different Packaging Concepts On Logistical Costs And Stocks.Advanced Logistic systems,8(2), 35-50. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2015).Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Methot, R. D., Wetzel, C. R. (2013). Stock synthesis: a biological and statistical framework for fish stock assessment and fishery management.Fisheries Research,142, 86-99. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Salcedo, C. A. G., Hernandez, A. I., Vilanova, R., Cuartas, J. H. (2013). Inventory control of supply chains: Mitigating the bullwhip effect by centralized and decentralized Internal Model Control approaches.European Journal of Operational Research,224(2), 261-272. Schmitt, A. J., Sun, S. A., Snyder, L. V., Shen, Z. J. M. (2015). Centralization versus decentralization: Risk pooling, risk diversification, and supply chain disruptions.Omega,52, 201-212. Sharma, S., Malhotra, A. (2015). Safety stock calculations and inventory analysis: a practical approach for the FMCG case in a South-East Asian country.International Journal of Advanced Logistics,4(3), 131-144. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Van Le, D., Huynh, L. T., Claudiu, K. V., Achim, M. (2013). The impact of inventory sharing on the bullwhip effect in decentralized inventory systems.Logistics Research,6(2-3), 89-98. Ward, J., Peppard, J. (2016).The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014).Principles of supply chain management: a balanced approach. Cengage Learning. Zhao, Y., Zhao, X. (2015). On human decision behavior in multi-echelon inventory management.International Journal of Production Economics,161, 116-128.

Project Timeline and Minutes of Meeting free essay sample

No ContentRemark Week 2 Planning the project 5 % Preliminary model selection 5 % Week 3Brainstorm and Gathering information20 % Week 4Final model section 10 % Week 5Implementation 35 % Week 6Writing the report 25 % Minutes of meeting 1 Date: Wednesday 12th September 2012 Time 7:00 pm – 7:30 pm Venue: Cafeteria North-wing Campus UCSI University Chaired by: Group leader â€Å" Samir â€Å" Attendance: †¢Samir Mohamoud â€Å"Group leader†. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Timeline and Minutes of Meeting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢Ahmed Abakar Ahmed Ibrahim †¢Abdul-Salam Bakar †¢Omer Mohammed †¢Khalid Matter discussed: 1-Getting to know each other: Everyone introduced himself ?Providing means of communication (phone number, email and Facebook) 2-Project: ?Rough reading through the project ?Define project objective ?Project time frame ?Estimate project completion â€Å"15th October 2012† 3-Next Meeting: ?Saturday 15th September 12 pm at Ahmed’s apartment. Prepared by Ahmed Minutes of meeting 2: Date: Saturday 15th September 2012 Time12:00 pm – 2:30 pm Venue: Ahmed’s Apartment Chaired by: Group leader â€Å" Samir â€Å" Attendance: †¢Samir Mohamoud â€Å"Group leader†. †¢Ahmed Abakar Ahmed Ibrahim †¢Abdul-Salam Bakar Omer Mohammed †¢Khalid Matter discussed: 1-Project: ?Break down the project into smaller tasks ?Assign each member for specific task ?Discussed each task in detail 2-Model: ?Brainstorm a design for the model ?Hand draw the design ?Identify the model component 3-Next Meeting: ?Saturday 22nd September 1 pm – 2 pm at Sameer’s apartment Prepared by Ahmed Minutes of meeting 3: Postponed to 26th September due to tests Minute of meeting 4: Date: 26th September 2012 Time4:20 pm – 5:55 pm Venue: K207 North-wing Camps UCSI university Chaired by: Group leader â€Å" Samir â€Å" Attendance: †¢Samir Mohamoud â€Å"Group leader†. †¢Ahmed Abakar Ahmed Ibrahim †¢Abdul-Salam Bakar †¢Omer Mohammed †¢Khalid Matter discussed: 1-Project ?Each member discussed and showed progress on assigned task 2-Model ?Members brought new design for the model ?Estimate the components cost ?Set the model implementation date â€Å" Saturday 29th September† 3-Next meeting ?Saturday 29th September 11:00 am at Samir’s apartment Prepared by Ahmed Minute of meeting 5: Date: 29th September 2012 Time11:00 am – 4:00 pm Venue: Samir’s Apartment Chaired by: Group leader â€Å" Samir â€Å" Attendance: †¢Samir Mohamoud â€Å"Group leader†. †¢Ahmed Abakar Ahmed Ibrahim †¢Abdul-Salam Bakar †¢Omer Mohammed †¢Khalid Matter discussed: 1-Model ?Update and adjust the model design â€Å"add remove some features†. ?Sketch the new model ?Re-estimate the cost of the new model 2-Implementation: ?Purchased the desired components. ?Few components were not available in market â€Å"Wooden Mousetrap†. ?Decision made on the spot and agreed by all members to change the wooden mousetrap with a metal one to keep the project flow. ?Started fixing the component together 90% completion of model 3-Next meeting ?Sunday 7th October11:00 pm at Samir’s apartment Prepared by Ahmed Minute of meeting 6: Date: 7th October 8, 2012 Time2:00 am – 5:00 pm Venue: Samir’s Apartment Chaired by: Group leader â€Å" Samir â€Å" Attendance: †¢Samir Mohamoud â€Å"Group leader†. †¢Ahmed Abakar Ahmed Ibrahim †¢Abdul-Salam Bakar †¢Omer Mohammed †¢Khalid Matter discussed: 1-Implementation ?Complete the implementation ?Run the model for its first time. ?Rerun the model to make sure is working properly. ?Test the model for the specified purposes ?The model showed success

How to Make an Ultimate Guide to Skyrocket Your Keyword Strategy

How to Make an Ultimate Guide to Skyrocket Your Keyword Strategy As a marketer, you’ve probably heard about ultimate guides. You’ve probably read a few (at least), too. Maybe you’ve even created some yourself. Whether you call them â€Å"ultimate guides† or something else (like one of Business Casual Copywriting’s ten better suggestions), the idea remains the same: build a multi-chapter guide covering an entire topic in deep detail. Sure, they take time and effort to get right. But, when done well, they can rank for tons of keywords, establish you as a topical authority, and drive enormous amounts of traffic. In this post, we’ll explain exactly how to create an awesome topical guide, supported by a strategic keyword strategy that will 10X your results. Some things we’ll cover include: Choosing a topic for your guide. Planning the exact chapters you’ll create (and keywords to target on each one). Examples of excellent guides you can follow for inspiration. This is the exact process we walked through to build our own comprehensive guide to marketing strategy  we recently launched. That’s something we’ve gotten a lot of questions around, and we’re glad to share what we learned with you here on the Blog. Now, let’s roll up our sleeves and get down to business.

Aligning AL Company with the Gramen Equipment Operations Essay

Aligning AL Company with the Gramen Equipment Operations - Essay Example The company popularity has grown and even attracted media attention for the innovative approach to training. On the other hand, Gramen Equipment Company deals in designing, manufacturing, and marketing agricultural equipment. The company is also popular. In 2010, the company had succeeded in recording as substantial as 3 billion dollar profit from its sales and increased its staff to 9, 000 employees. The company has been focussed on realizing growth through acquisitions. As a way of keeping abreast the trending developments, Gramen has looked to employee training to keep abreast, has been extended to those of the acquired firms. The training services would be sought from Attain Learning. Attain Company services would include offering customized online financial courses to a number of middle-level managers from Gramen Company. After the Completion of the Course, Attain Learning would conduct a seminar to reinforce the learned financial principles. Gramen was concerned about extending the training to other product lines offered by Attain learning. There were even chances of having Attain establish a hosting professional Centre for Gramen Company. Thus, two firms have to work together. Attain Learning strategic management structure requires that only the Account Director is to be the person of direct contact with the client. The problem lies in aligning the Attain Learning Organization with the Gramen Equipment firm for efficient operation. Importance of Strategic Fit Before coming up with a strategic fit, it is imperative to acknowledge the importance of having a strategic fit. Undoubtedly, this will inform some of the points to give considerations to in designing a strategic fit. The problem with lacking an appropriate and well defined strategic fit is role overlap, ambiguity, and miscommunication that result in organizational conflicts (Solomon, Bamossy and Askegaard 2011). Such a situation is depicted in real life encounter between Gramen and Attain Learning management. The challenge comes out clear when Kay Sunderland, the accountant director, while busy in his office, received a call from Juan Nunez, a chief learning officer at Gramen, one of the Attain Learning esteemed customers. Nunez wanted Sunderland to call him, as soon as possible. He called back only to be informed that Attain Learning content development officer, mike Morgan, had contacted Nunez. Nunez point was that he did not want to deal with Morgan and did not any interference from him. Sunderland was concerned that no one else was supposed to deal with the client directly other her. In this regard, there is the need of devising a strategic fit that shuns such challenges. Strategic fit is an expression of the degrees in which organizations match its resources and capabilities with the opportunities that exist in the external environments. The matching process assumes the strategic processes, including human resource management and organization restructuring (Bird, 2000).

Use Cases Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Use Cases - Research Paper Example The diagrams also have attachments of informal text giving extra details similar to that which exists in the requirements document. Their level of use is normally during the analysis phase of the software. Through it, as designers the goal of meeting the demands of the system remains in scope. In figure 1 above, the stick figure shows an actor playing the role of an entity external to the system and its interactions. In this case, the actor is either another system or a person. The user in the ATM system can withdraw cash (Zhang & Yang, 2012). In other cases, the user is not always the real person, but it may consist of the duties played by a real person when in interaction with the ATM system. Other actors present in an ATM system include administrator who fills the cash in the dispenser before work commences. The client inserts their card into the slot in the ATM that reads the card. The bank then has to perform synchronization between the ATM and the bank through providing an identifier for the session. The system then deciphers the information in the ATM card before authenticating the customer to perform their transaction at the ATM. The client will then select the option to withdraw which will provide them with the options of how much to withdraw. The system will compare the users wishful amount with what it possess before allowing them to withdraw. Otherwise, if the amount is more than what they can withdraw, they will be requested to enter a smaller value. The ATM system will then eject the card from the bank. Dispense of cash takes place thus allowing the system to record a log of transaction for the withdrawal of that money. The latter marks the ends of the process. The transaction on depositing cash through the ATM is mapped by a request to the client to select the type of the account for which to deposit to from available options. The customer then enters the amount they wish to deposit through the ATM (Salerno, 2014). The transaction

The Purpose Of Punishment In The Justice System Criminology Essay

The Purpose Of Punishment In The Justice System Criminology Essay Case Study 2: The purpose of Punishment within the criminal justice system. What role does punishment serve within the criminal justice system? Consider the part played by reductivism, incapacitation, retribution, deterrence and rehabilitation as by-products of the perceived need for the criminal justice system to punish offenders. How have political policies and other ideologies affected the state emphasis on the need to punish offenders? In the following paragraphs it is going to be explained the role of punishment within the criminal justice system. Furthermore, we are going to get involved with theories and objectives related to punishment such as: reductivism, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and finally retribution. Beginning our case study we have to argue that there is considerable controversy over the effectiveness of punishment in reducing crime, but whether or not its actual effectiveness, still is the only method being used conforming someone who made a misdeed, back to society and freedom. Punishment can be simply defined as a legally approved method designed to facilitate the task of crime control (Carrabine, 2004), and its main purpose is to rehabilitate the offender, expiate the victim and dissuade others from becoming wrongdoers. In order to successfully create a holistic view on the matter, we have to focus on many punishment perspectives and theories as it is the only way for a critical evaluation. punishment as a social institution is an inherently complex business that needs to be approached from a range of theoretical perspectives as no single interpretation will grasp the diverse meanings generated by punishment (Carrabine, 2004). The reductive theory of punishment justifies that punishment occurs because it helps to prevent and reduce future consequences of crime, acting as a forward-looking theory for the general good. Moreover, claims that if punishment takes place, future crime will be less than if no penalty were inflicted. For punishment to reduce future crimes, the pain and unhappiness caused to the offender must be outweighed by the avoidance of unpleasantness to other people in the future (Cavadino, 2002). Therefore, it is a moral action against criminals (famously advanced by Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832) since it produces the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. Nevertheless, there are many mechanisms of reduction which will be shown below. Deterrence based on utilitarian theories, is a method of reduction and its main perspective is that if you cause someones fear, then he will be afraid to offend and break the law (tough on crime). Moreover, separates deterrence into general and individual justifying that general is when punishment dissuades others from following the offenders example, in spite of individual deterrence which aims to teach delinquent not to repeat the behaviour. Deterrence lacks to produce strong and validate evident of its effectiveness as no certain penalty prevented someone from committing a given crime. What is more, referring to the individual deterrence, my opinion is that we cannot say whether or not an offender stopped his criminal behaviour, simply because not all crimes are being convicted. Also, according to official crime statistics, I believe, there is not such effectiveness as Michael Howards supported about prison/punishment and toughness on crime. Prison works. It ensures that we are protected from murderers, muggers and rapists- and it makes many who are tempted to commit crime think twice (Michael Howard, Home Secretary 1993). Rehabilitation is another mechanism of crime reduction which is going to be produced and evaluated on the following paragraphs. According to rehabilitation the idea of punishment is to apply treatment to the offender so that he is made capable afterwards to return back to the society as a law-abiding member. Rehabilitation is viewed as a humane alternative comparing to the harshness of retribution and deterrence giving more a programme function to the punishment, without that meaning that an offender would receive a more lenient penalty for his offence. An important feature of rehabilitation is that the offender could stay on probation whether that means outside prison or inside until he is thought to be ready. Critics though assume that if the prison administrator is the responsible one who decides if offender made a progress and he is ready to go, then corruption may occur which will falsify the true situation. Finally, another issue is that an offender guilty for minor crime proba bly could not tolerate lengthy detentions simple because of inability or refusal to adopt a subservient attitude toward prison officers and authority in general. Continuing our study we will refer to retributive theory which is in total antithesis of reductivism and justifies that punishment came as result of criminality. An attractive feature is that retributivism is a natural connection between the retributive approach and the idea that both offenders and victims have rights. Reductivist theory always founds it difficult to encompass the notion of rights, even when it comes to providing entirely innocent people with a right not to be punished. Retributivism has no such problem, since it follows automatically from the retributive principle that it must be wrong to punish non-offenders. Criminals, according to retributivist principle deserve the punishment because in some way, evil for evil somehow make a right. Additionally, according to retributivism, severity of a punishment should be proportionate to the gravity of the offence (tariff). What is more, retributive punishment, argues that applies fairly and equally to all of us as long as we all live in the same equilibrium followed by the same norms and values. The main issue with such a theory is that it would be objective only if we were all genuinely equal sharing the same advantages. Detected offenders typically start from a position of social disadvantage (Cavadino, 2002). From the moment retributive punishment tries to inflict equality restoring the balance, then increases inequality rather than do the opposite. The last theory refers to the act of making the offender not capable of committing a crime and is known as the incapacitation theory. According to that, offenders who have committed repeated crimes or thought to be dangerous are being punished by execution or lengthy incarceration (life imprisonment). Such a punishment though unfortunately makes it difficult to identify that kind of offenders. Thus, it is extremely controversial the principle of incapacitation especially to those who assist that punishment should advocate equal retribution followed by dignity. An important controversial example evaluating incapacitation is the chemical-castration of sex offenders (against children) with hormonal drugs which was first adopted in the U.S of California in 1996 and proved that drugs alone did not make the offender incapable of committing sex crimes. To conclude, I would like to say that I have not come to a conclusion yet on whether or not punishment actually helps and rehabilitates the delinquents. But I am sure that punishment so far is the function which separates those who live legally and those who do not. I also believe that the fear of punishment changes people behaviour a lot, as we all are afraid of punishment is that not true? Ultimately, I would like to finish with Sir Thomas Mores opinion which finds me totally agreed. Society first creates thieves, and then punishes them for stealing. There has always existed a curiously symbolic relationship between the criminal and society. It is not so much that society tolerates crime, rather the structure of modern society inevitably creates situations and circumstances in which crime occurs(Weisser, 1979).

Personality Theory

Learning is defined as Any relatively permanent change in behavior that can be attributed to experience (Coon). It is not, however, a temporary change caused by outside forces. Therefore, things such as motivation, disease and injury cannot be considered to be a form of learning. This is because once the disease, injury, etc. has been removed, behavior will return to it s state before the influence. There are 2 main keys to every learning process: the reinforcement, which is anything that increases the chances that the desired response will take place, and the response, which is the behavior that takes place as a reaction to the reinforcement. An antecedent is the event which takes place before a response, and is the basis for Classical Conditioning. A consequence is something that follows a response, and is the foundation for what psychologists call Operant Conditioning. Classical Conditioning is based on what takes place before a response. It begins with some action that will inevitably produce a response. That action is then associated with another that does not induce a response, or a Neutral Stimulus. After enough repetition, the neutral stimulus which did not previously produce a response will now, on its own, produce the response of the action it was coupled with. It is now what is called a Conditioned Stimulus, or a stimulus that produces a response because it has been paired with another. A good example of Classical Conditioning is presented by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian Physiologist. Pavlov noticed that his dogs would drool when he put food in their mouths. After some time passed, he noticed that the dogs would begin to drool upon seeing the food. Then, the dogs began drooling at the sight of Pavlov. It was then that Pavlov noticed that learning had taken place. The dogs had associated the food with the appearance of Pavlov. The dog s drooling did not have to be learned: it was what is called a reflex, or an automatic response. The reflex is a type of Unconditioned Response, a response that happens on its own. That reflex to drool was finally paired with seeing Pavlov and expecting to be fed. Eventually, the sight of Pavlov was enough to make the dog drool, without ever presenting food. The dog s drooling had then become a Conditioned Response, or a response that has been conditioned by stimuli. This is a prime example of Classical Conditioning. Operant Conditioning focuses on consequences, or what follows a response. In this type of conditioning, a response is followed by some type of reinforcement. This reinforcement can be something good, something bad, or nothing at all. If an action results in a punishment, the action is less likely to take place. However, if the action is followed by reinforcement, such as praise, food, or other rewards, the action is more likely to be repeated. An example of Operant Conditioning is found in the works of B. F. Skinner. Although he rejected the ideas of theories of learning, (Skinner), he is well known for one of his creations, dubbed the Skinner Box. A skinner box is a small, barren chamber into which a hungry rat is placed. The box is featureless, except for a lever on one wall. As the rat explores, it accidentally presses this lever, and a pellet of food or a drop of water is released. Eventually, the rat will learn to correspond the lever to receiving a food pellet. He will then move the lever when he is hungry. This is called the Law of Effect: responses that have desirable effects are repeated, while negative effects will lessen the tendency for the response to take place. What has happened is a good example of Operant Conditioning. The rat is hungry. The rat, then, has had reinforcement (the food pellet) to perform a response (the lever press). In this situation, the food pellet acts as an Operant Reinforcer, or something that encourages the event which it follows. In both of these instances, Acquisition has occurred. Acquisition is the training in which learning occurs. Once it has taken place, Expectancy comes into view. Expectancy is the anticipation that the learned conditioning will continue to produce the same response. However, if the reinforcement is taken away from conditioning, we can expect that the conditioned response will begin to fade. This is called Extinction. This occurs when a response is weakened by the removal of it s reinforcement. However, occasionally, a response may resurface after it is believed to be extinct. This is known as Spontaneous Recovery. Once a response has been conditioned, the response will continue to take place unless the reinforcement is removed. In many cases, however, a reinforcement that is similar to the original will still bring about the desired response. This is called Stimulus Generalization. An example of this would be if someone who looked like Pavlov walked into the view of the dogs. They may begin drooling because of their conditioning to do so at the appearance of Pavlov. After some time, though, the dogs will learn to distinguish between Pavlov and the imposter. After that point, the dogs would respond differently to the 2 men. This learning is known as Stimulus Discrimination. Conditioning has been very useful to psychologists and social workers who want to effect behavior. However, these laws of conditioning can have negative repercussions. For instance, phobias stem from conditioning, usually in early childhood. For instance, a child could have a negative experience with a kitten, or other house pet. This negative experience, previously a Neutral Stimulus, has now been linked with fear, anxiety, and other negative emotional responses. This process is called Conditioned emotional response. This creates a phobia, or an unrealistic fear of a thing or situation. There are different ways to treat and cure phobias. The first is called Desensitization. This would be used, for example, with a person with a fear of heights. The person would gradually be taken higher off the ground, perhaps over days, weeks, or longer. This would gradually introduce them to the fear and eventually allow them to be free of the phobia. In more extreme cases, a conditioning called Vicarious Classical Conditioning is used. If someone had an extreme phobia of snakes, the person might be exposed to a video tape of someone holding a snake. Through small steps such as these, the person could eventually recover from the phobia.

Example: Economics

Importance Of Economics Everyone is a part of economy and everyone uses the rules of economy too. From the time we are born, we become consumers of various products and services (say, medical services, baby foods, and so on). We grow and diversify to attain various different roles as producers, traders, mediators and agents. Today’s world is that of â€Å"economic imperialism†, where economical factors, most importantly, money dictates all the elements of the society, not to forget close family relations. With recession wreaking havoc, economics is something which even ignorant households are learning.Economics is a science which deals with production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Therefore, we can conclude that whatever involves â€Å"transfer of money† includes â€Å"economics†. There are two schools of economics, namely, microeconomics and macroeconomics. The combined results of these two determine the actual effect of economics o n people. To list all the important functions of economics would be literary impossible as newer issues keep creeping up. In the following lines, we have described some broad and basic functions of economics. Significance Of Economics Optimizes Resource UsageIn today’s world, the amount of resources available to us is reducing each day. This condition will only worsen, if we keep using our resources with low efficiency and effectiveness. Economics provides a mechanism for looking at possible ways to optimize resource utilization and reduce wastages. Utilizes the â€Å"Opportunity Cost† This is another principle used for resources in which the scarce resources are utilized efficiently, after calculating and checking the opportunity cost. A simple theory of exclusion is put into play. If you choose something over another thing, then what loss you sustain is the opportunity  cost.If we minimize the opportunity cost, we get maximum profits. For example, a person who inve sts $10,000 in a stock denies himself the interest that could have been accrued, by leaving the $10,000 in the bank account instead. The opportunity cost of the decision to invest in stock, is the value of the interest. When this principle is used in budget allocations by government, it results in better growth rates. Gains Social Efficiency If a society keeps on putting money into its economy with no profits or loss, then the economy becomes inefficient and so does the society, as it gets dependent on the economy.If the input into an economy is larger than the output, then the society starts disintegrating and falls prey to destructive social evils, like unemployment and poverty. The same is the case if the economy is stagnant. Understanding of economics leads to better planned economy. Also, profitable economic steps introduced largely aid in the society’s overall prosperity. Stabilizes The Overall Economy The stability of an economy is inevitable to any country or society. Only through economically sound practices can we ensure that the economy is stable and growing at the same time.In recent times, when the world’s economy fell, only a few countries were able to sustain their growth rate and prevent severe monetary impacts on their citizens. Understands Individual Economics This is important for the growth of individuals economically. A person needs to understand the economic situations and stipulations present in his own life. He may not need the hardcore subjective understanding of economics, but he definitely needs to understand the economic practices that he must follow to eradicate chances of going broke or bankrupt.Also, understanding of economics helps in using the resources in the best possible way and gaining maximum profit. What is Economics? A Definition of Economics Ever wonder why food costs rise when gas prices spike? Ever question why U. S. politicians worry when other countries talk of going bankrupt? Ever wonder why you canâ €™t get a good interest rate on your savings account? All of these phenomena can be explained through economics. Economics is the study of the production and consumption of goods and the transfer of wealth to produce and obtain those goods.Economics explains how people interact within markets to get what they want or accomplish certain goals. Since economics is a driving force of human interaction, studying it often reveals why people and governments behave in particular ways. There are two main types of economics:  macroeconomics  andmicroeconomics. Microeconomicsfocuses on the actions of individuals and industries, like the dynamics between buyers and sellers, borrowers and lenders. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, takes a much broader view by analyzing the economic activity of an entire country or the international marketplace.A study of economics can describe all aspects of a country’s economy, such as how a country uses its resources, how much time laborers dev ote to work and leisure, the outcome of investing in industries or financial products, the effect of taxes on a population, and why businesses succeed or fail. People who study economics are called economists. Economists seek to answer important questions about how people, industries, and countries can maximize their productivity, create wealth, and maintain financial stability.Because the study of economics encompasses many factors that interact in complex ways, economists have different theories as to how people and governments should behave within markets. Adam Smith, known as the Father of Economics, established the first modern economic theory, called the Classical School, in 1776. Smith believed that people who acted in their own self-interest produced goods and wealth that benefited all of society. He believed that governments should not restrict or interfere in markets because they could regulate themselves and, thereby, produce wealth at maximum efficiency.Classical theory forms the basis of capitalism and is still prominent today. A second theory known as Marxism states that capitalism will eventually fail because factory owners and CEOs exploit labor to generate wealth for themselves. Karl Marx, the theory’s namesake, believed that such exploitation leads to social unrest and class conflict. To ensure social and economic stability, he theorized, laborers should own and control the means of production. While Marxism has been widely rejected in capitalistic societies, its description of capitalism’s flaws remains relevant.A more recent economic theory, the Keynesian School, describes how governments can act within capitalistic economies to promote economic stability. It calls for reduced taxes and increased government spending when the economy becomes stagnant, and increased taxes and reduced spending when the economy becomes overly active. This theory strongly influences U. S. economic policy today. As one can see, economics shapes the world. Through economics, people and countries become wealthy. Because buying and selling are activities vital to survival and success, studying economics can help one understand human thought and behavior.Branches of Economics Economics has two branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics  is the branch of economics that deals with the personal decisions of consumers and entrepreneurs. Its primary concern is to help consumers and investors make their lives better by increasing their earnings and satisfying their needs despite limited resources. Also included in its study are the consumers' decisions on what products to buy and how the cost of commodities is determined. Macroeconomics  deals with the larger aspects of a nation's economy, such as the sectors of agriculture, industry, and service.It aims to (a) speed up the economy's growth rate and increase total production; (b) increase the rate of employment; (c) keep the prices of commodities stable so that they remain affordable; and (d) have sufficient reserves for foreign exchange for importing goods and paying off loans. Economists help in solving problems like unfair wages, rapid population growth, people migration to city centers, high crime incidence, and loss of human resources due to overseas migration. Economic Methodology What is the difference between positive and normative economics?Positive economics  is objective and fact based, while  normative economics  is subjective and value based. Positive economic statements do not have to be correct, but they must be able to be tested and proved or disproved. Normative economic statements are opinion based, so they cannot be proved or disproved. While this distinction seems simple, it is not always easy to differentiate between the positive and the normative. Many widely-accepted statements that people hold as fact are actually value based.For example, the statement, â€Å"government should provide basic healthcare to all citi zens† is a normative economic statement. There is no way to prove whether government â€Å"should† provide healthcare; this statement is based on opinions about the role of government in individuals' lives, the importance of healthcare and who should pay for it. The statement, â€Å"government-provided healthcare increases public expenditures† is a positive economic statement, because it can be proved or disproved by examining healthcare spending data in countries like  Canada  and  Britain  where the government provides healthcare.Disagreements over public policies typically revolve around normative economic statements, and the disagreements persist because neither side can prove that it is correct or that its opponent is incorrect. A clear understanding of the difference between positive and normative economics should lead to better policy making, if policies are made based on facts (positive economics), not opinions (normative economics). Nonetheless, numerous policies on issues ranging from international trade to  welfare  are at least partially based on normative economics.Deduction in Economics Deductive economics starts with a set of axioms about economies and how they work, and relies on these principles to explain individual cases or events. Supply and demand analysis, a staple in any introductory economics course, is an example of deductive reasoning because it involves a set of generally accepted principles about demand and supply. To summarize, deduction in economics starts with a generally accepted principle and proceeds to the specific. Induction in EconomicsInductive reasoning in economics does the reverse of deductive reasoning; namely, it begins with an individual problem or question and proceeds to form a general principle based on the evidence observed in the real world of economic activity. For example, an economist who asks if a government program of public works spending will stimulate a region's economy wi ll proceed to research the issue, collect and analyze data, and based on conclusions, form a general theory about the economic impact of fiscal policies. Classification of economic resources? here are two types of economic resources: a. Property resources b. human resources Human resources  is the set of individuals who make up the  workforce  of an  organization,  business sector  or an  economy. â€Å"Human capital† is sometimes used synonymously with human resources, although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view; i. e. , the knowledge the individuals embody and can contribute to an organization. Likewise, other terms sometimes used include â€Å"manpower†, â€Å"talent†, â€Å"labour†/†labor† or simply â€Å"people†. The Four Factors of Production in EconomicsLand Land refers to the natural resources that are available and used in the production of goods. For example, a heavy mining industry could not ex ist without the natural deposits of valuable minerals in the ground, while a thriving farming community would have a hard time surviving with poor soil and no rainfall. Labor Labor refers to the human inputs of work to produce the goods and services. For example, the training required for employees to successfully operate machines to produce cars would be considered as part of labor.In addition, the mental capacity to perform tasks and invent new products is also part of labor. The only human element not included in labor is entrepreneurship. Capital Capital refers to the tools and machines that are required for the production of the product. For example, when making cars, the capital would include the factory and all the machinery in the factory used in making the car. On a farm, the capital would include the tractors, harvesters and other equipment used to grow crops or raise livestock. EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship refers to the economic motivation for an individual to attempt to make a profit from an idea. For example, people may know how to build cars, machines may be available and the land for the factories for sale, but it takes an entrepreneur to put those factors together in an attempt to make a profit. Entrepreneurs put their own resources at stake by personally investing in the company. For example, a business owner is not paid an hourly wage like the people who work for her. Instead, her income depends on the success or failure of the business venture. production possibility curveA graphical  representation  of the alternative  combinations  of the  amounts  of two  goods  or  services  that an  economy  can  produce  by transferring  resources  from one  good  or  service  to the other. This  curve  helps in determining what  quantity  of a nonessential good or a service an economy can  afford  to produce without jeopardizing the  required  production  of an  essential good  or servi ce. Also calledtransformation curve. What are the three basic economic problems? the basic economic problem is the unlimited wants and needs of human which results to scarcity of resources. what are the needs? the needs are the things we must posses in order to survive like food,water, clothing,shelter. while the wants are those things that human would like to have in order to improve there status in life. we limited resources that'a why encounter this problem. the economic resources like land, labor,and capital which are the factors if production are insufficient to satisfy our needs and wants. All 3 problems are more clearly explained using a ppf/ppc: 1) What to produce: This problem is what should the  economy  produce in order to satisfy consumer wants (as seen by demand curves) as best as possible using the limited resources available.If a country produces goods in a way that maximises  consumer satisfaction  then the economy is allocatively efficient. 2) How to produce : This problem is how to combine production inputs to produce the goods decided in problem 1 as most efficiently as possible. An  economy  achieves productive efficiency if it produces goods using the least resources possible. A productively effiecient economy is represented by an economy that is able to produce a combination of goods on the actual curve of the PPF. 3) For whom to produce: Should the economy produce goods targetted towards those who have high incomes or those who have low incomes.What sort of demographic group should the goods in the economy that are produced be targetted towards? If the economy is addresses this problem then it has reached preto efficiency or pareto optimality. If all three problems are addressed at any one time then the economy has achieved static efficiency. If the economy achieves static efficiency over a period of time then it is dynamically efficient. All these problems are focused around the problem of unlimited wants and limited resource s. Where resources are the fators of production (such as labor, capital, technology, land.. ) which are used to produce the products that satisy the wants. conomic system An  organized  way in which a state or  nation  allocates  its  resources  and  apportions  goods and services  in the national  community. Types of Economic Systems â€Å"You can't always get what you want. † That's what the Rolling Stones sang, anyway (check it out: great song even if it's a bit before your time). And while Mick Jagger probably didn't have Econ 101 in mind, he managed to sum up perfectly the core concept underlying all economics. Scarcity  is the fundamental challenge confronting all individuals and nations. We all face limitations†¦ so we all have to make choices.We can't always get what we want. How we deal with these limitations—that is, how we prioritize and allocate our limited income, time, and resources—is the basic economic challenge that has confronted individuals and nations throughout history. But not every nation has addressed this challenge in the same way. Societies have developed different broad economic approaches to manage their resources. Economists generally recognize four basic types of economic systems—traditional, command, market, and mixed—but they don’t completely agree on the question of which system best addresses the challenge of scarcity.A  traditional economic system  is—here's a shocker—shaped by tradition. The work that people do, the goods and services they provide, how they use and exchange resources†¦ all tend to follow long-established patterns. These economic systems are not very dynamic—things don’t change very much. Standards of living are static; individuals don’t enjoy much financial or occupational mobility. But economic behaviors and relationships are predictable. You know what you are supposed to do, who you trade with , and what to expect from others. In many traditional economies, community interests take precedence over the individual.Individuals may be expected to combine their efforts and share equally in the proceeds of their labor. In other traditional economies, some sort of private property is respected, but it is restrained by a strong set of obligations that individuals owe to their community. Today you can find traditional economic systems at work among Australian aborigines and some isolated tribes in the Amazon. In the past, they could be found everywhere—in the feudal agrarian villages of medieval Europe, for example. In a  command economic system  or  planned economy, the government controls the economy.The state decides how to use and distribute resources. The government regulates prices and wages; it may even determine what sorts of work individuals do. Socialism  is a type of command economic system. Historically, the government has assumed varying degrees of cont rol over the economy in socialist countries. In some, only major industries have been subjected to government management; in others, the government has exercised far more extensive control over the economy. The classic (failed) example of a command economy was the communist Soviet Union. The collapse of the communist bloc in the late 1980s led to the emise of many command economies around the world; Cuba continues to hold on to its planned economy even today. In  market economies, economic decisions are made by individuals. The unfettered interaction of individuals and companies in the marketplace determines how resources are allocated and goods are distributed. Individuals choose how to invest their personal resources—what training to pursue, what jobs to take, what goods or services to produce. And individuals decide what to consume. Within a  pure market economy  the government is entirely absent from economic affairs.The United States in the late nineteenth century, at the height of the lassez-faire era, was about as close as we've seen to a pure market economy in modern practice. A  mixed economic system  combines elements of the market and command economy. Many economic decisions are made in the market by individuals. But the government also plays a role in the allocation and distribution of resources. The United States today, like most advanced nations, is a mixed economy. The eternal question for mixed economies is just what the right mix between the public and private sectors of the economy should be. Why It Matters TodayHalf of the twentieth century went down as a global battle between defenders of free markets (democratic capitalist nations, led by the United States) and believers in command economies (the communist bloc, led by the Soviet Union). The US and USSR never went to war against each other directly, but dozens of smaller (yet still tragic and significant) wars unfolded around the world as bitter fights over economic system s turned bloody. Korea, Vietnam, Nicaragua, Afghanistan, Angola†¦ millions of people died in the various â€Å"hot† theaters of a Cold War fought to decide whether markets or states should control economic affairs.The great irony was that the Cold War finally ended not on a battlefield, but because the Soviet economy finally self-destructed by the late 1980s. For most of the world, the Soviet collapse proved that command economies were simply inferior to the market-dominated mixed economies of the capitalist world. Of course, China – still ruled politically by an authoritarian Communist Party, even though its economy is now more mixed if not exactly free – is now the biggest creditor nation to the United States. What are six major economic goals of a market economy? Freedom, efficiency, equality, stability, security, growth.The 6 Economic Goals Objectives: – Summarize the basic economic goals societies share 6 Economic Goals – Economic Efficie ncy – Making the most of resources – Societies must be efficient – Economic Freedom – Freedom from govt intervention in the production & distribution of G & S – Economic Security and Predictability – We want to know that G & S will be available (Paychecks too) – Safety Net- – govt programs that protect ppl experiencing unfavorable economic conditions 6 Economic Goals Cont. – Economic Equity – Fair distribution of wealth – Economic Growth and Innovation Innovation leads to growth, and economic growth leads to a higher standard living – Standard of Living- – level of economic prosperity – Other Goals – Environmental Protection, Consumer Safety Millennium Development Goals â€Å"MDG† redirects here. For other uses, see  MDG (disambiguation). The Millennium Development Goals are aUN  initiative. The  Millennium Development Goals  (MDGs) are eight  international devel opment  goals  that were officially established following theMillennium Summit  of the  United Nations  in 2000, following the adoption of the  United Nations Millennium Declaration.All 193 United Nations  member states  and at least 23  international organizations  have agreed to achieve these goals by the year 2015. The goals are: Eradicating  extreme poverty and hunger, Achieving  universal primary education, Promoting  gender equality  and  empowering  women, Reducing  child mortality  rates, Improving  maternal health, Combating  HIV/AIDS,  malaria, and other diseases, Ensuring environmental  sustainability, and Developing a global partnership for development. [1]Each of the goals has specific stated targets and dates for achieving those targets. To accelerate progress, the  G8  Finance Ministers agreed in June 2005 to provide enough funds to the  World Bank, the  International Monetary Fund  (IMF), and the  African Develo pment Bank  (AfDB) to cancel an additional $40 to $55  billion in debt owed by members of theHeavily Indebted Poor Countries  (HIPC) to allow impoverished countries to rechannel the resources saved from the forgiven debt to social programs for improving health and education and for alleviating poverty.Debate has surrounded adoption of the MDGs, focusing on lack of analysis and justification behind the chosen objectives, the difficulty or lack of measurements for some of the goals, and uneven progress towards reaching the goals, among other criticisms. Although developed countries' aid for achieving the MDGs has been rising over recent years, more than half the aid is towards debt relief owed by poor countries, with much of the remaining aid money going towards natural disaster relief and military aid which do not further development.Progress towards reaching the goals has been uneven. Some countries have achieved many of the goals, while others are not on track to realize any. A UN conference in September 2010 reviewed progress to date and concluded with the adoption of a global action plan to achieve the eight anti-poverty goals by their 2015 target date.There were also new commitments on women's and children's health, and new initiatives in the worldwide battle against poverty, hunger, and disease. Government organizations assist in achieving those goals, among them are the United Nations Millennium Campaign, the Millennium Promise Alliance, Inc. , the Global Poverty Project, the  Micah Challenge, The Youth in Action EU Programme, â€Å"Cartoons in Action† video project, and the 8 Visions of Hope global art project.